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Open and engagement rates
SMS is read almost universally and almost immediately; email open rates are a fraction of that and spread over hours or days. For anything that must be seen now — OTPs, alerts, flash reminders — SMS is decisive.
Cost and content
Email is cheaper per message and can carry images, long copy and multiple links; SMS is priced per segment and rewards brevity. Spend email on rich storytelling and SMS on short, urgent nudges.
Deliverability differs
Email fights spam filters, sender reputation and inbox placement; SMS fights route quality and sender-ID registration. Both need list hygiene and consent. See /answers/email-deliverability and /answers/how-to-improve-sms-delivery-rates.
Combine them
Use email to tell the story and SMS to trigger the action — an email campaign with an SMS reminder for the deadline typically beats either channel alone. Run both from one platform. See /answers/what-is-omnichannel-messaging.