Everything worth knowing, nothing that isn't.
How it differs from normal SMS
A standard SMS lands in the inbox and stays there; a flash SMS (message class 0) pops up on the display immediately and is not stored unless saved. Both use the same network, just a different message-class flag. See /answers/what-is-a2p-sms.
When to use it
Reach for flash SMS for genuinely urgent, time-critical, or sensitive alerts where immediacy matters and persistence is undesirable — emergency notices, fraud warnings, or one-off prompts. Overuse annoys recipients, so keep it rare.
Support and limitations
Handset and network support for class 0 messages varies, so behaviour is not perfectly uniform across devices, and flash SMS is not a fit for anything the user may need to re-read later. Test on your target devices before relying on it.
Alternatives
For urgent-but-persistent messages, a normal high-priority SMS on a direct route is usually the right choice; for rich urgent alerts on supported devices, consider RCS. See /answers/sms-for-payment-alerts and /answers/rcs-for-business.